Flying A Plane With Medical Conditions: Five Key Pointers To Be Aware Of

If you’ve ever wondered if you can fly a plane with a heart condition or other medical concerns, you’re not alone. Many aspiring pilots have questions about how health challenges might affect their ability to take the controls. 

FAA Medicals: Which Certificate Do You Need?

Before you can act as pilot-in-command, understanding FAA medical certificates is essential. These certificates are the foundation for safe, legal flying and help you match your health and flying ambitions to the right path. Each option comes with unique privileges, requirements, and renewal periods, so choosing wisely is the first step to a smooth flight training journey.

First Class Medical Certificate

A First Class Medical Certificate is the highest level of FAA medical clearance available. If you dream of a career with the airlines, this is the certificate you’ll eventually need. It’s required for anyone serving as pilot-in-command of an airline transport flight, especially those acting as captain for commercial airlines. It’s also needed for older pilots (over 60) serving as flight crew or for certain multi-crew airline operations. Even if you’re not headed to the airlines right away, getting a First Class Medical early in your training can help uncover any potential issues before you invest heavily in your career.

• Required for airline captains and those exercising airline transport pilot privileges
• Needed for pilots over 60 serving as required airline crew
• Covers pilots acting as second-in-command in aircraft that require three or more crew members

A First Class Medical is the gold standard—renewable every 12 months for most pilots (every 6 months if you’re over 40 and flying for the airlines).

Second Class Medical Certificate

A Second Class Medical Certificate is required for commercial pilots, including those flying for compensation or hire but not serving as airline captains. This category covers charter pilots, crop dusters, corporate pilots, and anyone operating under a commercial certificate outside of the airlines. If you plan to make money as a pilot, even part-time, you’ll need a Second Class Medical at a minimum.

Second Class Medicals are renewable every 12 months for all ages, making them a practical choice for aspiring professional pilots who don’t yet need the higher bar of First Class.

Third Class Medical Certificate

For private pilots, hobbyists, and anyone flying for personal reasons, the Third Class Medical Certificate is usually sufficient. It’s the entry-level certificate and the most accessible option for those who want to fly their own airplane, take friends on trips, or build hours without compensation.

• Needed for private pilot, recreational, and student pilot certificates
• Also required for flight instructors, examiners, and certain crew members
• Must be current for practical tests and other certificate actions

A Third Class Medical is valid for 60 months if you’re under 40 and 24 months if you’re 40 or older. It’s a popular choice for anyone focused on the joy and freedom of general aviation.

BasicMed: An Alternative Path

In 2016, the FAA introduced BasicMed—a simpler, more accessible option for many private pilots. With BasicMed, you can fly without a traditional FAA medical certificate, provided you meet specific criteria and fly within set limitations. BasicMed is a great solution for pilots who don’t need to fly for hire or operate larger, more complex aircraft.

• You must have held a valid Third Class Medical at some point after July 14, 2006

• You need a valid U.S. driver’s license

• You must complete a physical with a state-licensed physician, using the FAA’s BasicMed checklist

• Complete an online medical education course every 24 months

• Not permitted to fly aircraft with more than six seats or over 6,000 lbs takeoff weight

• Cannot operate for compensation or fly above 18,000 feet or faster than 250 knots

BasicMed isn’t an option for every pilot, but it’s a fantastic choice for most recreational aviators and those who want a less complicated, ongoing path to the skies.

How to Choose the Right Medical Certificate for You

Choosing your medical certificate depends on your goals, your health, and the kind of flying you want to do. If you’re eyeing an aviation career, start with a First Class Medical early so you have time to address any medical concerns. If you plan to fly for fun or family travel, a Third Class Medical or BasicMed might fit best.

Talk openly with your Aviation Medical Examiner about any health concerns—including heart conditions or other ongoing issues—before you begin. The FAA makes accommodations for many health situations, but being proactive and informed gives you the best shot at a successful flight training journey.

Understanding FAA Disqualifying Conditions for Pilots

Dreaming of flight is exciting, but it’s important to know about medical conditions that might limit your path to the cockpit. The FAA takes your health seriously because pilot wellness directly affects flight safety. 

Medical Conditions That May Limit Your Ability to Fly

The FAA maintains a list of medical conditions that automatically disqualify an applicant from receiving a standard medical certificate. These are not meant to discourage aspiring pilots, but to ensure that everyone who sits in the pilot’s seat can safely manage the unique physical and mental demands of aviation. Some of these conditions are permanent roadblocks, while others may be considered for a “special issuance” certificate if certain criteria are met.

These include:

• Angina pectoris
• Bipolar disease
• Cardiac valve replacement
• Coronary heart disease that has been treated or, if untreated, that has been symptomatic or clinically significant
• Diabetes mellitus requiring hypoglycemic medications
• Disturbance of consciousness without satisfactory explanation of cause
• Epilepsy
• Heart replacement
• Myocardial infarction
• Permanent cardiac pacemaker
• Personality disorder that is severe enough to have repeatedly manifested itself by overt acts
• Psychosis
• Substance abuse
• Substance dependence
• Transient loss of control of nervous system function(s) without satisfactory explanation of cause

If you have or have been treated for any of these conditions, it doesn’t automatically mean your dream of flying is over. In some cases, you may still qualify through the FAA’s Special Issuance process, which allows pilots with well-controlled or managed conditions to fly after additional review and documentation. Always talk with an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) as early as possible for personalized guidance.

Five Steps for Aspiring Pilots with Medical Concerns

Taking a smart, proactive approach can save you time, money, and stress on your path to the cockpit. Use these tips to guide your decisions and build confidence right from the start:

• Book a Consultation with an AME Before You Apply: Schedule a conversation with an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) before you ever fill out an FAA application. Ask your “what if” questions and talk openly about any conditions or medications. Many AMEs are happy to offer informal guidance or flag potential issues before they become a problem.

• Don’t Self-Disqualify Based on Assumptions: It’s easy to assume that a health issue or past diagnosis means you’re automatically ineligible to fly, but that’s not always true. Many conditions, like mild ADHD, controlled hypertension, or a history of depression without recent episodes, can be managed and may not disqualify you. Don’t count yourself out before getting the facts.

• Start with a Third-Class or BasicMed Path: If you’re unsure about your eligibility, aim for the most accessible option first. Third-Class Medical Certificates or BasicMed are less restrictive than First or Second Class medicals, and they let you begin flying sooner. You can always move to higher classes if your goals change and your medical history allows.

• Keep Your Health Records Organized: If you have any ongoing or past conditions, make sure your medical records are up to date and easy to access. Bring copies to your AME appointment, especially if you’ve been treated for anything on the FAA’s radar. Having a clear paper trail helps your examiner make a stronger case for your approval.

• Know That Your Instructor and Flight School Can Support You: Don’t hesitate to talk with your flight instructor or school staff about your situation. Certified Flight Instructors (CFIs) and school personnel are used to guiding students through the process and can offer realistic timelines, flexible pacing, and encouragement. Asking questions isn’t just allowed—it’s encouraged.

The bottom line: Medical concerns don’t always mean your dream of flying is over. Sometimes your path might take a few extra steps or require additional paperwork, but with the right support and a bit of patience, many students are able to earn their medical and enjoy everything aviation has to offer. Taking the initiative and asking for help puts you one step closer to your wings, no matter where you start.

Leopard Aviation: Your Gateway to Confident, Skillful Flying

At Leopard Aviation, we believe every flight student deserves a training experience that’s both safe and truly supportive. Learning to fly is a big step, and whether you’re brand new or returning after a break, our goal is to make your journey as comfortable and confident as possible. Your well-being matters just as much as your technical skills, and that’s why we’re committed to helping you build smart, safety-first flying habits from day one!

Here’s how we make it happen:

• We encourage all potential students to connect with an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) before jumping into formal training. If you’re unsure about the medical requirements, we’ll point you toward experienced, trusted medical professionals in the Phoenix, Mesa, or Scottsdale areas. It’s never too early to get answers that bring peace of mind.

• Our aircraft fleet is made up of modern, meticulously maintained Cessna 172S Skyhawks. Each plane is equipped with Garmin G1000 glass cockpits, GFC700 autopilot, terrain awareness, and ADS-B technology. These advanced systems provide extra situational awareness and layers of safety for every lesson, no matter your experience level.

• Our training model is rooted in the flexibility of a Part 61 school. That means you progress at a pace that works for you, whether you want to fly once a week or multiple times a week. We respect your comfort zone and medical privacy, adjusting the training plan to match your needs and schedule. There’s no pressure to keep up with anyone else.

• We’re passionate about making sure every student, from recreational flyers to future professionals, gets a strong safety foundation. Whether you train under Third-Class Medical, BasicMed, or First-Class certification, you’ll learn the same disciplined approach to preflight checks, weather evaluation, in-flight decision-making, and post-flight debriefs. Safe habits are built into every step.

• Our Certified Flight Instructors (CFIs) are selected for their expertise and their people skills. We look for instructors who are patient, approachable, and great communicators. Their mission is to answer your questions, support your learning, and help you grow into a confident, capable pilot—no matter your starting point.

If you’re new to aviation, a Discovery Flight is the perfect way to get your bearings. It’s a no-pressure introduction to the cockpit with a friendly CFI, so you can experience the thrill of flying firsthand and see what flight training feels like before making any commitments.

Ready for Takeoff?

At Leopard Aviation, we’ve built a welcoming environment where every student can move at their own pace, ask questions freely, and develop truly strong flying habits. With our modern fleet, caring instructors, and flexible training options, you’ll be set up for a positive and empowering journey from your very first lesson.

There’s no better time to start reaching for the sky. Book your flight training lesson with us, and experience what true support and safety feel like. Whether you dream of weekend adventures or a professional pilot career, we’re here to help you soar with confidence.

FAQs

Can you fly a plane with a heart condition, or will it disqualify you automatically?

Certain heart conditions—such as angina pectoris, cardiac valve replacement, coronary heart disease (treated or symptomatic), heart replacement, myocardial infarction, and permanent pacemaker—are listed by the FAA as disqualifying for medical certification. However, having one of these conditions does not always mean you are automatically disqualified from flying. If your condition is well controlled and you can provide the necessary medical documentation, the FAA may grant medical certification through a process called Special Issuance. This often involves regular follow-up reports and ongoing monitoring. Always consult an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) early in your flight training journey to review your specific situation and get guidance tailored to you.

Are there alternative ways to fly if I don’t qualify for a traditional medical certificate?

Yes, some pilots may be eligible for BasicMed, which has different requirements than standard FAA medicals. BasicMed can allow you to fly under certain limitations, provided you have held a Third-Class medical after July 14, 2006, and meet other conditions. Discuss this option with your AME.

What is Special Issuance Authorization, and how does it help student pilots?

Special Issuance Authorization is a process the FAA uses to certify pilots with certain medical conditions on a case-by-case basis. If your health issue is well-managed and you provide proper documentation, you may still earn medical clearance to fly under certain limitations.

Can I customize my flight training schedule at Leopard Aviation?

Absolutely. We’re a Part 61 flight school, which means your training can be as flexible as you need. Whether you want to fly once a week or several times, our instructors work with you to create a schedule that fits your life.

If you’re interested, simply click here to schedule your discovery flight. You’ll get to fly with a Certified Flight Instructor, see our facilities, and experience what learning to fly is really like.